Opinion
1/3/2025

A "Terribly Brazilian" Court Invigorates Political Dialogue

Nominations to the STF reignite public debate, demanding reflection on religion and politics in Brazilian democracy

Vinícius Sgarbe
5 min read

When I heard, under the administration of the evangelical couple Bolsonaro and Michelle, about a Supreme Court Justice described as "terribly evangelical," I felt shame and fear. The shame pertained to the utilitarian practice of religion, whereby significant theologies, both large and small, are reduced to the opening of yet another unique branch of the latest global church in the neighborhood, or transformed into a political party.

One of the preliminary findings of my latest philosophical research is that Brazilian Pentecostals obtained "authorization" to participate in the public sphere, in their "Bible caucus" form, on the condition that they do not effectively integrate into the political culture except as a voting base.

This finding is based on the fact that, since the Constituent Assembly, speeches and texts funded by Brazilian taxpayers' money have been used to promote agendas of little or no significance, such as the obsession with sexual freedom and the poignant question of the end of the world.

The agreement with the current political power is that anything can be preached from the pulpit, at any cost (whether true or false, objective reality or childish fantasy, it doesn't matter), as long as that preaching favors obtaining votes.

In 2023, very sadly, Pentecostals holding office or employed in cabinets of this kind are not expected to contribute – broadly speaking, in general – to the promotion of public policies and the maintenance of dialogue. Even less are they expected to surprise us with any examination of conscience that would make them reflect on what they do with the cherished role we attribute to them. It is striking that we hold such affection for Pentecostals while they disdain us.

The fear I felt, on the other hand, was that the phrase "terribly evangelical," which expressed an arrogant and provocative stance, would worsen the quality of dialogue among Brazilians, which at that point was at extremely low levels. While the shame had to do with my intellectual and pacifist stance (something more individual), the fear was projected onto what is experienced in terms of the country. As it is expected that the worst fear will overcome us, the communication bridges between those who still believe in community life and the Pentecostals are shattered.

It will be necessary for Pentecostals, marked by their subjection to cultural imprisonment, the enslavement of ignorance, and, for these and other reasons, also subjected to an impressive amount of violence of many kinds, to give a sign that they are willing to collaborate with a balanced future. From our (my) side, patience has run out. Moreover, the patience of evangelicals with their leaders has run out.

Meanwhile, in terms of appointments, it is important to remember the consequences of that "terribly evangelical" comment. Another Supreme Court Justice was appointed by a president "demonized" by fundamentalists. This is Lula's ninth appointment. With the appointments by Dilma and Temer, there are five more. That is, there is a terribly Brazilian collegiate body. Not to mention the Justice yet to arrive.

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Illusion and Lies Fuel Apathy Towards Genocide

War Requires Illusion

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16/4/2025

This article isn't exactly hopeful at a cursory glance. It tends to make more sense when, through difficult conversation, we achieve some freedom to think and act about wars without the interference of armies. After all, those who promote war can do nothing for peace.

I remember my first lessons on World War II. Well, how could I forget them? At the time, I found it utterly unattractive to learn the years in which it began and ended. I considered the dates meaningless due to my inexperience in relating events. Moreover, my young age didn't differentiate between what fits into one, ten, or a hundred years.

Generally speaking, and for the sake of argument, the Second War followed the First. And it was called "world" because those who named it so considered the entire world to be limited to themselves.  Elementary school knowledge that remains relevant today.

(Parenthesis: Those who lived through the 1990s know that, in terms of forensic pathology – people run over, stabbed, corpses in decomposition – television abundantly supplied us with violent images. In the city where I grew up, a woman drowned her two children in a well and then threw herself in after them. On the lunchtime news program, I watched the small bodies floating. Another case involved a daughter who, with the help of her girlfriend, killed her mother and grandmother. Not to mention the rape, murder, and robbery committed against an elderly woman living alone on Rua XV.)

Ultimately, those who died and those who killed had some kinship with someone close. They were, in any case, considered degenerate, not exactly counted as people. This is without mentioning national cases like the Candelária Massacre, the murder of Daniella Perez, and the murder of Índio Galdino. (End parenthesis)

This is my argument: it's difficult to impress a Brazilian child.

Those common murderers, though extremely dangerous, committed their crimes clandestinely. They were discovered, and then televised, arrested, lynched, or killed by the police. But what they told us about the extermination camps was entirely different, and often more terrifying. There was something wrong about multitudes being murdered in broad daylight.

The way it remains

What we know about the genocide of Jews is etched in black and white in our memories, both through photographs and the brilliant cinematic work *Schindler's List* (1993), directed by Steven Spielberg. Thanks to new technologies, some of these memories can touch us even more profoundly. Using digital resources, I myself colorized a photograph of child survivors of Auschwitz taken by Alexander Vorontsov.

"A group of child survivors huddled behind barbed wire at the Nazi concentration camp of Auschwitz-Birkenau, southern Poland, on the day of the camp's liberation by the Red Army, January 27, 1945" (Getty Images). Our translation.

It is difficult to look at them and say: “We despised their families to the utmost, we chose who would be enslaved and who would be killed and incinerated in our four gas chambers with crematoria.” Because that is precisely what we did, in the role of humans.  Shouldering responsibility for that atrocity is a lifelong burden, and I don’t believe there’s any other way to deal with it than to carry it, with shame and remorse, until my last day.  

Confronting this inhumanity, however, is not the same as stagnating in lament. It is precisely the opposite. And, to move forward even minimally, we must shed two convenient illusions. The first is that all responsibility can be attributed to the Führer. Let us, even if this discomfits us to almost unbearable levels, be consistent. No single man could have undertaken the Third Reich without assistance. In 1935, the Nazi Party enacted the racial discrimination laws, and Mr. Hitler was not alone – as official footage attests.

"Hungarian Jews en route to the gas chambers. Auschwitz-Birkenau, Poland, May 1944". (Encyclopedia of the Holocaust). Colorized by Vinícius Sgarbe.

The other classic illusion is that the "world" of the Second World War did not prevent the genocide simply because it knew nothing.  Now then. Upon further reflection, I don't even consider it an illusion anymore – since not every illusion is necessarily a misconception – but rather a blatant lie.  With the illusion, we achieve a certain psychic relief, which frequently converts into proud satisfaction: "I would never have done something like that." With the lie, we maintained the idea that we possess a power that, in truth, we do not.

Lie

Since the Gulf War, another ridiculousity of the nineties, international military conflicts have also become television programs. This is not a figure of speech. Literally, wars are simultaneously television programs.  One needs little intelligence – sometimes not even that – to understand that the images we consume are the creations of a single person. Someone holds the camera, chooses when to press REC, when to stop, from what position what he sees will be viewed, what enters or does not enter the frame. In the case of AI-generated content, someone will have to write the prompt. In this way, the media product of war integrates the general arsenal of war. Those with more or fewer resources to create and propagate stories consequently have more or less war power. It is fair to ask what the destructive reach of a weapon of this kind is.

Since the spontaneous constitution of a public sphere, and its progressive and irreversible decay, public opinion has been used to legitimize or delegitimize the actions of the State. If I convince Brazil that I am "good" and the other is "evil," then Brazilians tend to pressure their government in a specific direction, the product of which varies from support on digital social networks to proposals in the United Nations Security Council.  Telling the best story, however, has nothing to do with telling the most accurate story. This quality criterion is restricted to citizens who are not easily moved by the appeals of the masses – people who, in each social circle, can be counted on the fingers of one hand.

On the path to the finally. So, if the world had known about the annihilation of humans in World War II, it would have acted to protect the Jews. I guarantee that with a clear mind, and three or four videos of the apocalypse in Palestine, one can guarantee with one hundred percent accuracy that it is a lie.

Weakness

Not even the adequate terms to address war crimes in Palestine have been used appropriately in different parliaments around the world.  The Washington Post columnist Jennifer Rubin wrote that "the closer one looks, the more Netanyahu resembles Trump," in the worst sense. The article states that "about eighty percent of Israelis blame Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and his coalition government for the Hamas catastrophe, according to a poll by the Hebrew newspaper Maariv."

"At least one thousand Palestinian children have perished in Gaza since Israel launched its bombing campaign in the region" (Fars News Agency, October 17, 2023).  Our translation.

In Brazil, Congresswoman Carla Zambelli – a woman born to be a donkey and who will never become a mare – published an image depicting a US and Israeli eagle attacking a Palestinian rat. I am persuaded, by myself, not to expect this human project to grasp the enormity of its own bestiality.

Faced with nominal lists of thousands of civilians killed by Israel, the response of the “world” is so weak, languid, flaccid. Perhaps this is the moment for this awareness: we are incapable of preventing violence merely by knowing that violence exists. I am warning you now: in the coming hours, Palestinian children will be brutally murdered or maimed, and those who survive will have witnessed their families and friends explode. Knowing this changes absolutely nothing.

A few hours ago, a Palestinian boy went to retrieve a ball when a bombardment occurred directly behind him. His nephew’s back was injured. But the nephew is better off than Saleh al Qaraan, whose head was obliterated in the explosion.

Accustomed to daily encounters with animal posts on Instagram, I saw a tabby cat leap onto the lap of a Palestinian man, where the pale body of a dead child lay. The kitten nestled in, closing its eyes.  This, alongside the mother, who, with the dead baby wrapped in white cloth, refused to cease kissing it. Or the countless videos of children experiencing panic attacks within hospitals.

On an individual level, my work or yours against the war seems insufficient. We cannot count on, at least not now, the prudence of the wise finding a space on the world leaders' agenda. But whether or not we defend Palestinian civilians, now, at every opportunity, speaks volumes about what we have learned about our own wickedness.

Doomsday Fears: The Lucrative Trade in Souls

Disturbing reflection on the Palestinian tragedy, the international role, and humanity's moral limits.

Tempo previsto
16/4/2025

Some time ago, I searched for Palestine on Google Maps and found it in the middle of the ocean. At the time, I concluded that the world had ended, at least a certain project of the world, upon finding a people I love so much and who love me, drowned in the hatred in which someone, somewhere, had drowned them.

 Today, after the murder of hundreds (the number is imprecise, but staggering) of Palestinians who were in a hospital, I realized that the world has ended for them, that the apocalypse, the end times, has arrived for those human beings. They witnessed shame, hunger, and then died.

Imagine with me. Suddenly, a foreign authority orders you to leave your home. Fleeing with nothing, your journey is one of thirst and hunger. Then you see rubble, dust, friends, and family sprawled on the ground, some dismembered, others unburied. Then you too die.

If this, which is true, does not also make it true that we have reached the end of the world, then what would constitute the end of the world? Natural disasters, however terrible, are at least honorable. No one can blame the volcano. Genocide with the support of religious groups is the end of the world.

The stance of the international community is insufficient. Humanity is excessively paralyzed in its reaction to wars; the powerful are not truly powerful. They are nothing more than men of the market! And a market of souls, as described in the Book of Revelation.